Hi, everyone.
What are our keel bolts made of? stainless steel? or silicon bronze?
Coz if they are made of stainless steel, then Everett Collier in "The Boatowner's Guide To Corrosion" page 133 says:
"Do not use stainless steel screws below the waterline! How's that for a provocative statement? We're talking here specifically about the so-called marine grades -- 18-8, 316, and 317 -- but the fact is, NO stainless steel fastening should be used below the waterline. When moisture becomes trapped (stagnant) against the stainless steel, it quickly becomes deoxygenated, and the PASSIVE stainless steel turns ACTIVE and is subject to severe crevice corrosion....This is the place for silicon bronze or hot-dipped galvanized screws."
...and my keel bolts are always under about 2-3 inches of fresh water, mostly from the air conditioner condensation runoff and rainwater runoff coming down the mast.
After reading Collier, I'm thinking I want a totally dry bilge...unless these are silicon bronze, in which case this is a non-issue...but they sure look like stainless steel to me.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
[QUOTE=benethridge;15381]Hi, everyone.
What are our keel bolts made of? stainless steel? or silicon bronze?
Coz if they are made of stainless steel, then Everett Collier in "The Boatowner's Guide To Corrosion" page 133 says:
"Do not use stainless steel screws below the waterline! How's that for a provocative statement? We're talking here specifically about the so-called marine grades -- 18-8, 316, and 317 -- but the fact is, NO stainless steel fastening should be used below the waterline. When moisture becomes trapped (stagnant) against the stainless steel, it quickly becomes deoxygenated, and the PASSIVE stainless steel turns ACTIVE and is subject to severe crevice corrosion....This is the place for silicon bronze or hot-dipped galvanized screws."
...and my keel bolts are always under about 2-3 inches of fresh water, mostly from the air conditioner condensation runoff and rainwater runoff coming down the mast.
After reading Collier, I'm thinking I want a totally dry bilge...unless these are silicon bronze, in which case this is a non-issue...but they sure look like stainless steel to me.[/QUOTE]
They are SS... Keep the bilge dry and the keel/hull joint dry as well... Most production boats and many high end boats for that matter still use 316 SS..
The biggest problems with earlier Catalina's is the plywood in the keel stubs eventually gets wet and the bolts corrode due to oxygen starvation...
-Maine Sail
https://www.marinehowto.com/
Thanks but that's easier said than done. How do we do it?
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
I've been googling around for some kind of mini-bilge pump to suck out the last two inches of water, but no luck so far. Maybe I should invent one. :-)
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
[quote=benethridge;15384]I've been googling around for some kind of mini-bilge pump to suck out the last two inches of water, but no luck so far. Maybe I should invent one. :-)[/quote]
Check this page out. They have a video on there and it shows this thing sucking right down to bare fibreglass. When it shuts off some water flows back in but a backflow preventer close to the pump should stop that. Might have to try one of these myself.
[URL]http://www.whalepumps.com/marine/product.aspx?Category_ID=10008&Product_...
When new boats come from the factory, the keel bolts are coated with gelcoat that acts as a barrier to water.
Larry Brandt
S/V High Flight #2109
Pacific Northwest, PDX-based
2002 C-36 mkII SR/FK M35B
I have one of these bilge strainers on my manual bilge pump. It'll get down to maybe 1/4" but I don't seem to be able to maintain a dry bilge (it was 100% dry for one season only). Not sure any electric bilge pump will get down to that level.
[url]http://www.westmarine.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/ProductDisplay?produ...
Gary and Cathy Price
1997 C36 Mk II Tall Rig/Wing Keel Imagine...
Hull # 1617
Worton Creek, Md.
Northern Chesapeake Bay
Another option...
For me, If needed, I will sponge the bilge dry when closing up the boat along with shutting every thru-hull. I use an "Air Dryer" electric disc dehumidifier from West Marine that runs on a timer for a few hours a day. No water or drains to deal with. I keep it on the forward shelf of the V Berth.
Unless it rains hard enough for water to come down the mast, the bilge stays completely dry.
Here is a link...
[url]http://www.westmarine.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/Product1_11151_10001...
Jack
Solstice
Hull #1598
1996 MKII/TR/FK - M35AC - 3 Blade MaxProp
Lake Texoma
www.texomasailing.org
Ok, so I now have a completely dry bilge. I have no weeping (other than my own as I had to do this totally disgusting chore with a sponge and a bucket :-)...seriously, no weeping through the keel bolts.
To keep it dry, I have done two things and plan to do a third:
1. When I had it hauled out, I changed out the stuffing box packing with gore-seal (a dripless goretex stuffing box packing) No drips thus far.
2. For the air conditioner (which ain't pretty but has been working for 3 years, gets the job done and only cost $200 at Home Depot), I simply drain it into a 5-gallon bucket. (See attached pic) This system has been working fine for a few months now.
3. For the water that dribbles down the mast, I plan to drill out the little hole I made next to the mast (middle left of second attached pic) and run a drain line to the upper third of the shower pan (upper part of second attached pic). Then I can just turn on the shower sump to remove the accumulated water.
The combination of the three, I'm hoping will eliminate all water in the bilge and thus save my keel bolts.
After having studied all this I'm trying to imagine why Catalina would use stainless steel in the first place. Why not just use what Collier recommends: silicon bronze?
Any thoughts on #3 BEFORE I drill this hole in the shower pan?
"There's just one thing I want you to do, fellas....talk me out of it!" - The Cowardly Lion :-)
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
i have NEVER had a completely dry bilge for any length of time and my keel has not fallen off. maybe i would be better off with a trawler! the boat was built in 84 and based on the condition the boat was in when i bought it I doubt the bulge was ever dry for and extended period of time. as far as i know there is no water coming in other than fresh water that seeps in from drainage into the bilge from GOK, no obvious leaks
Mike Hogan
s/v Ciscocat #226
Mark I XP25, std rig
My question would be does anyone know for certain of an instance where the keel bolts corroded and/or failed on a C36?
Now why would you want to go and muck up our nice theoretical discussion with such a practical, common-sense question as that? :)
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
[QUOTE=bstreet;15468]My question would be does anyone know for certain of an instance where the keel bolts corroded and/or failed on a C36?[/QUOTE]
Don't know how many C-36's but I do know many of the earlier Catalina boats, our old C-30 for example, had nearly nothing left of the keel bolts when we dropped the keel to properly fix the "smile" by removing the plywood in the keel stub. It was not a pretty sight..
The real question should be how many of you with wood keel stubs (pre 1988) have dropped the keel to check the bolts and do a re-set?
[IMG]http://www.pbase.com/mainecruising/image/97592406.jpg[/IMG]
[IMG]http://www.pbase.com/mainecruising/image/92985071.jpg[/IMG]
-Maine Sail
https://www.marinehowto.com/
Wow!
I talked with some of the contractors at Playboy Marine in Fort Lauderdale about dropping the keel, when I moved the boat here a few months ago. I thought it was going to be a no-brainer, but they all thought it would be a big deal (spelled $$$$) to drop the keel, so again, easier said than done.
If you loosen the keel bolts, does the keel just fall off? or do you have to crack it loose from whatever glue compound Catalina used to seal it originally? and is that hard or easy to do?
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
One of our experiences
[url]http://c34.org/bbs/index.php/topic,6842.0.html[/url]
Stu Jackson, C34IA Secretary, C34 #224, 1986, SR/FK, M25 engine, Rocna 10 (22#)
[QUOTE=bstreet;15468]My question would be does anyone know for certain of an instance where the keel bolts corroded and/or failed on a C36?[/QUOTE]
Thanks, everyone. I want to ask Bud's question a slightly different way:
Does anyone know for certain of an instance where the keel bolts corroded and/or failed on a C36 which is NOT smiling and/or weeping into the bilge or down the keel?
Reason I ask is that I'm noticing that thus far, all the Catalinas suffering from keel bolt corrosion are weeping water and gunk down the keel, usually around the "smile".
My boat has no smile, and when I hauled out to move it here from Atlanta, I intentionally filled the bilge with fresh water, and left it there for several days, just to see if any of it would weep out of the keel. That is how we (the yard contractor) and I decided that it was not worth dropping and re-bedding the keel.
Given the difficulty of dropping/re-bedding, and actually doing it all correctly, this seems more like one of those "if it ain't broke, don't fix it" situations, i.e. by trying to fix a problem you don't KNOW that you have, you may spend all that money and time, and in the spending actually CREATE the problem.
So bottom line is that there is nothing practical I can do about the keel bolts BELOW the bilge. The best I can do is keep the bolts IN the bilge clean and dry, and watch for any sign of weeping, and when I dive and check the hull watch for a "weeping smile", so to speak. :)
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
Yowza! That's one of the questions you wished you hadn't asked. So what's going on here and why the specific concern with the plywood in keel stub boats, other than from the obvious point of the plywood rotting and losing whatever strength it has? From the reading I did on corrosion of stainless it seems some acid type corrosive fluid is involved with both crevice and pitting corrosion. Does the plywood breaking down turn seawater into some kind of acid that starts attacking the bolts? The bolts on the boat Stu's post linked to looked intact though obviously there was a significant smile problem there.
We have no trace of cracks on our keel/hull joint and I believe the keel bolts were re-torqued at some point in time. Should those bolts be re-torqued even if there is no sign of a problem and if so how often?
From my reading of Collier's book, stainless steel corrodes whenever it doesn't get a constant supply of fresh oxygen. Thus when it is closed off with non-moving water on its surface, such as when it is covered in wet plywood or a stagnant bilge, or pools of trapped water down cracks in chainplate caulking, and so on...it corrodes.
That is the primary reason he gives, anyway.
It holds up well, he says, in moving (i.e. oxygenated) water, as long as it is not coated with algae, slime, barnacles, etc. which would trap oxygen-starved water on the surface of the stainless steel.
That may be why my keel bolts have been holding up well, i.e. because there is enough fresh oxygenated water moving into the keel to keep the bolts from corroding.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
Hi, everyone.
I spoke with Kent Nelson, the Catalina engineer. He didn't really say I was wrong about the need to use bronze instead of stainless steel below the waterline but he also didn't seem too worried about the stainless steel keel bolts either. He came up with a good idea on it:
Cut a PVC tube large enough to surround each keel bolt and epoxy it or 3M 5200 it around each bolt to keep the water out. If water ever spills over the top and into the small pvc area, just dab it out with a dry cloth.
I went ahead and created my drain into the shower pan instead. Simpler/quicker. Pictures are attached. I simply plugged the second hole in the mast step with a rubber plug, so that all the water that comes down the mast will drain into the shower pan. If I leave the boat for a long time, I will simply take out the rubber plug and accept that the bilge will be wet for that time period.
Up until today when I took the boat out into the bay, the bilge has stayed completely dry. There has been a small drip into the aft section, but I just left a sponge there to sop up that little bit.
Notice the small bit of rust on the keel bolt washers. I wonder if I should be concerned. (As I said, Kent doesn't seem to be...but then it's not his boat. :-)
My new problem is that every time I sail the boat, there is new water in the bilge. I can't trace it yet. My top suspect is full water tanks, since I noticed when I top off the tanks, there is always a bit more water in the back of the bilge. Not enough to wet the bolts, but still significant.
Somehow (how?) I need to figure out if it is salt water or not. I'm too chicken to taste it. :-)
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
Just a question but isn't there a test from an aquarium store that you can check the specific gravity? I had an aquarium afew years back, salt water and seem like there was a small kit you could buy for that sort of stuff, BTW kent didn't suggest a height for the PVC tubes did he?
Mike Hogan
s/v Ciscocat #226
Mark I XP25, std rig
Yes, you are right. I had forgotten about those kits. Good idea.
No, he didn't. I'm thinking that the taller and smaller diameter you make them the tougher it will be to get all the water out of them, if it ever gets in there.
I would make them as wide a diameter as possible and make them tall...but then I'm also thinking about how you would ever retorque the bolts. May be best to use 3m 4000? or another caulk so that you can remove them all if you ever want to retorque?
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
I bought the seawater test kit today. I discovered there is a separate bilge in the aft part of the aft cabin, for the rudder stock apparently? The test kit shows that it was full of salt water after a sail. The water doesn't leak from the visible part of the rudder stock. There is a little apparently intentional drain hole - actually a large drain triangle formed of fiberglass in the very aft of the cabin. It all looks to be an intentional design. Is it?
The main bilge is now completely dry and has been for several weeks now. At one point, I noticed water in it every time I filled the freshwater tanks. I discovered they were both leaking out the top screw cover, so I added plumbers teflon tape to the threads. That ended the tank leak.
Since I've installed the drain for the mast step into the shower pan, if I can somehow keep the saltwater in the aft rudder stock from overflowing and dribbling into the main keel bilge, I think I can keep the keelbolts completely dry.
There is also a third tiny "bilge" in the far aft about 3 feet forward of the hole in the stern for the manual bilge. The way the stern is angled, rainwater or seawater can pour into the hole, so I plugged it with a wooden plug. I figure if I'm going down I can twist it open with a pair of visegrip pliers so I can use the manual bilge...and hopefully stop the "going down". :-) Anyway, that's just a temp solution. If that stops all water settling into the tiny aft bilge, I'll simply replace the leaking manual bilge hose to stop any drips from it.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
Ben, I think your rudder shaft design is similar to ours.
[url]http://www.c34.org/faq-pages/techdata-rudder-packing-gland.html[/url]
Stu Jackson, C34IA Secretary, C34 #224, 1986, SR/FK, M25 engine, Rocna 10 (22#)
Hi, Stu. Yes, that looks right.
I assume that "skag" is the smaller rudder stock bilge I mentioned. Sounds like salt water is not supposed to get in there, but I had the packing gland replaced last summer, and I don't see any water oozing from the metal rings.
I suppose I'll have to open it all up again next time I haul out the boat, and try to figure out where the leak is.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
I suspect a " a crack in the molded lower rudder PVC tube to the hull area", since it has a slow, steady drip even when tied motionless to the dock.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
Ben,
I think you would never see the water seeping past the rudder tube packing gland unless you watch it while underway. At rest, the water level is below the packing gland. When underway, the stern "squats", the stern wave rises, and the packing gland is under water.
Tom Sokoloski
C36/375IA Past Commodore
Noank, CT
I'm new to the whole boat ownership thing, but the way I read it is that you have to avoid stagnant water that becomes de-oxygenated. Rather than go to all the trouble to track down and/or divert every source of water, couldn't one just add some fresh water to the bilge every now and again for the bilge to pump out the old stuff, while at the same time re-oxygenating what remains?
Joel Schwartz
s/v Get-A-Grip
1993 Catalina 36 Hull #1259
Newport Beach, California
I had thought of possibly doing that, but then I thought of two things:
1. If water ever drains down the keel bolt, it's going to become deoxygenated. See Maine Sail's post above regarding the interior wood sections of the keel bolt housings - maybe that's how some Catalina's got their smile in the first place?
2. I would worry about water impregnating any small crack in the fiberglassed wood stringers and dry-rotting them.
To me, it seems best to just keep them dry as Maine Sail says, but granted that is a pain and I don't really think Catalina designed the boats with that in mind.
No easy answer to this one yet.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
Ben, the wood in the keel attach section isn't there for structural reasons, according to conversations I have had with Catalina. The wood is there to form the fiberglass box section, which is what bears the force of that 6,000 pound chunk of lead.
Larry Brandt
S/V High Flight #2109
Pacific Northwest, PDX-based
2002 C-36 mkII SR/FK M35B
?? Sounds pretty "structural" to me, Larry. I mean, what happens to that 6000 lb chunk of lead if you just cut them out with a sawz-all?
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
Ben, as I understand what Catalina was saying is that it isn't the wood that's holding that 6000 lbs on the boat...it's the fiberglass box section that's keeping it attached to your hull. The wood is placed there during layup to allow the box section to be manufactured around it. The wood isn't the structural bearer of the keel; the glass box section is.
Larry Brandt
S/V High Flight #2109
Pacific Northwest, PDX-based
2002 C-36 mkII SR/FK M35B
I have to back up what Larry is saying. Our 28 had a deeper bilge section than the 36 does, the stringers just had holes through them at the bottom with nothing to isolate the wood from bilge water at all. I thought they would rot out eventually, but of bigger concern was that there were some small stress cracks in the glass where the stringers and the hull met in two places. I called Catalina and they essentially told me what Larry is saying, the wood is mostly just a mold to hang glass on.
Knowing that all the strength was intended to be in the glass I figured a little overkill wouldn't hurt and I epoxied 4 layers of 16 oz biaxial glass over all of them with 4 additional layers in the stress areas where they met the hull. I figured that way if they ever did rot out there was about 4 times as much glass in there as Catalina had put in so it would never cause an issue. I sealed off the wood in the limber holes anyway with glass to try to prevent water ingress. It was Hull #25 and I think the layup was a little light in there being an early boat.
Ah, I see now, Larry. That's a great relief then! Thanks for posting.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
I am no boat building expert by any means, but just something to consider:
When you take a structure that has to absorb potential shock loading (like running aground), it is important to consider the entire structure and not just a portion. If you make one portion much more rigid adjacent to a portion of the original rigidity, there will be a higher concentration of stress under shock load at the interface.
My guess is that Bud's additional glass layup has possibly improved the overall strength, but I just wanted to throw out that caution.
Duane Ising - Past Commodore (2011-2012)
s/v Diva Di
1999 Catalina 36 Hull #1777
Std rig; wing keel, M35B, Delta (45#)
Punta Gorda, FL
http://www.sailblogs.com/member/diva-di/
Putting all this together then, since the wood is a non-issue, I think the best recommendation is from Kent Nelson, the engineer at Catalina, who suggested that we simply seal off the keel bolts individually with short sections of PVC pipe, as I described earlier.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
One thing you need to be aware of though: Per the Nigel Calder and Everett Collier books mentioned earlier, if you're going to have water in the bilge, you need to make sure that the electric wires are lifted out of it. Contrary to popular belief, these wires are NOT waterproof!...and you can get stray current corrosion if they become waterlogged.
In my boat, many of the wires simply lay in the bottom-center of the hull from the engine forward, and this is a HARD place to get at. This appears to have been done at the factory. Since water dribbles down that bottom-center, there is the potential for stray-current corrosion.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
Has anyone considered (or ever actually installed) one of the Arid Bilge systems? I've been mulling over putting one of these in (considering the ~$1500 cost worthwhile if it means I never have to worry about stray water in the bilge ever again). I always have gallons of water in my bilge from water coming down the mast, so I can never get on top of it. They look pretty impressive from the boat shows I've seen them at....
[url]http://www.aridbilge.com/[/url]
Josh McElwee
Sailing from East Greenwich, RI
2000 C36 MKII, M35B, "Chinook", Hull#1900
Have a look in the Technical - Upgrades library for a great article by Tom Sokoloski, titled 'Adding a Second Bilge Pump'. This is an elegant and low cost solution to the problem, I think. It will probably save you over $1400 of the $1500 you're considering investing.
Larry Brandt
S/V High Flight #2109
Pacific Northwest, PDX-based
2002 C-36 mkII SR/FK M35B
As much as I appreciate tom's efforts and his help and how much he has contributed over the years I don't know that installing a second bilge pump will remove ALL of the water from the bilge. I've installed a second bilge pump and in fact it is one of the whaler pumps that is suppose to remove all of the water. While it does a great job it doesn't remove all the water the is always some water in the bilge no matter what I do. I have determined that the only way to make sure there is no water accumlating in the bilge is retire and monitor the situation on a daily basis which I am working hard to get to.
Mike Hogan
s/v Ciscocat #226
Mark I XP25, std rig
LOL! Working hard to retire so you can monitor your bilge 24/7???
A perfectly dry bilge is like that exotic substance we always seemed to need for our avionics projects: unobtainium.
Larry Brandt
S/V High Flight #2109
Pacific Northwest, PDX-based
2002 C-36 mkII SR/FK M35B
[QUOTE=LCBrandt;16624]LOL! Working hard to retire so you can monitor your bilge 24/7???
A perfectly dry bilge is like that exotic substance we always seemed to need for our avionics projects: unobtainium.[/QUOTE]
On our CS-36 the bilge is bone dry. Has been for 7 years. I built a custom mast base sump that keeps rain water out of the general bilge and the boat has zero leaks.... About once every two weeks, if it has been foggy or rained, I drain the mast sump.... Turkey basters and no deck leaks are your friend if you desire a dry bilge.
-Maine Sail
https://www.marinehowto.com/
I'm starting to believe that a dry bilge is actually possible. I have my mast step draining into the shower sump, as I described earlier. That's working out well thus far. And once I solve the aft mini-bilge minor leak next time I haulout, that one will be dry. And I have one more in the anchor locker that I think I can solve with a drill and some 3m 4200...
So like Maine Sail, even with my little leaks here and there, with a good, large sponge and a few shop towels once a week or so, I've had a totally dry bilge in the keel bolt area for a month or two now.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263
I guess I need to make more of an effort
Mike Hogan
s/v Ciscocat #226
Mark I XP25, std rig
Do either of you have any pictures on your mast sump modifications? I know I'd be interested in this project.
---- Howard & Linda Matwick ----
--- S/V "Silhouette" - Nanaimo, BC ----
--- 1999 C36 MkII #1776 M35BC ---
See post #19 on a previous page of this forum thread. Just make sure the tube flows slightly downhill to the shower sump.
Ben Ethridge
Miami, FL
1984 MK1 Hull# 263